Investigating the basis of formation and construction and types (electrical nano biosensors)

_ Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory (Nano Biosensors)

Investigating the basis of formation and construction and types (electrical nano biosensors)

Researcher  and author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)

Note: Different sciences such as biochemistry, biology, electronics, different branches of chemistry and physics are present in the design of a nanosensor. The main part of a chemical or biological sensor is its sensing element. The sensing element is in contact with a detector. This element is responsible for identifying and linking with the desired species in a complex sample.

Then the detector converts the chemical signals produced as a result of the binding of the sensing element with the desired species into a measurable output signal. Biosensors rely on biological components such as antibodies. Enzymes, receptors or whole cells can be used as sensing elements.

Types of nanosensors (nanosensors) 

Nanosensors are classified in different ways. One of these categories is based on the shape of nanoparticles and their application as follows:

A-  Nanostructured materials: such as porous silicon, nanosensors made of these materials are used to identify chemical and biological reactions.

B-  Nanoparticles: such as nanoscale spherical materials that are used as optical-biological, optical-chemical receptors and spatial image sensors  . Such as nano silicon particles that are used as biosensors. Also, nanosensors can be  divided into three categories based on their structure: quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and nanotools.

Modern application of nanosensors (electrical nanobiosensors) in improving food and agriculture industries

Using these sensors (nano biosensors) it is possible to identify very small amounts of chemical pollution or virus and bacteria in the agricultural and food system. Research  in the field of nano-tools is one of the most up-to-date scientific researches in the world. With the introduction of science and nano technology and the possibility of making electrodes on a very small scale, it became possible to make nanometer sensors. These  sensors were named nanobiosensors (biological nanosensors) in terms of their nanometer size and their application in biological environments. Biosensors  are very small electrodes in nanometer size and cell dimensions that, through the fixation of certain enzymes on their surface, are more suitable for detection .  The desired chemical or biological species have been sensitized in the cells. These sensors are  used to detect and determine the amount of species in biological systems. This technique is a very useful method in detecting the passage of some molecules through the cell wall or membrane.

Conclusion :

Different sciences such as biochemistry, biology, electronics, various branches of chemistry and physics are present in the design of a nanosensor. The main part of a chemical or biological sensor is its sensing element. The sensing element is in contact with a detector. This element is responsible for identifying and linking with the desired species in a complex sample.

Researcher  and author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)

Specialized doctorate in nano-microelectronics