مطالب تخصصی و فوق تخصصی (برق _الکترونیک) و (دکترای نانو _ میکرو الکترونیک)

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors Kinetics of selfassembly in electric nanobiosensors and selfassembled biomolecular nanostructures  Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note Within the particle structure of nano biosensors the nanostructures are usually organized using local assembly rules that order   They produce with a long range      Because these rules can take into account the structure and current state of the cell they can assemble complexes organelles or skeletal structures around existing cellular components to form integrated architectures   Although many methods   have been developed to make selfassembled biomolecular nanostructures  A few can be designed to assemble structures whose shape depends on the identity and organization of structures already present in the environment    DNA nanotubes can be grown to bind pairs of molecular markers with different separation distances and relative orientations   DNA tile nanotubes form at these landmarks and grow as their free ends disperse   The nanotubes can then join themselves to form stable endtoend junctions and unconnected nanotubes can be selectively melted   Junctions between labeled pairs are separated by more than 1 to 10 μm in more than 75 of cases and can form one surface or three dimensions   This pointbypoint assembly process demonstrates how the kinetics of selfassembly can be tailored to produce structures with desired properties rather than a specific shape Analyzer sensor converter and detector are the components of

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors Electrical nano biosensors and measurement of biological responses Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note Nano   bioelectrical biosensors have been created for various applications such as food quality estimation environmental monitoring and diagnosis of clinical and metabolic complications   Nanoelectronics technology has dedicated some very exciting materials to improve the sensing phenomenon   The use of various nanomaterials including nanoparticles nanotubes nanotubes and nanowires causes faster identification and reproducibility in a much better way The unique properties of nanomaterials such as high electrical conductivity better shock tolerance   and sensitive responses such as versatile piezoelectric and color detection mechanisms are only results of the multitude of properties of nanomaterials   Different types of biosensors are propagated based on different types of nanomaterials and their developmental and implicit aspects  The measurement of biological responses has assumed great importance in the current scenario of everdynamic environmental developments and altered homeostatic events that    occur   at the in vivo   as well as   intracorporeal  level      Analyzing the behavior of changing materials is of great importance in areas such as pharmaceutical diagnostics food quality screening and environmental applications  In this reference the development of efficient biosensors that can analyze the minutest details of biological interacti

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors Investigating the basis of formation and construction and types electrical nano biosensors Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note Different sciences such as biochemistry biology electronics different branches of chemistry and physics are present in the design of a nanosensor The main part of a chemical or biological sensor is its sensing element The sensing element is in contact with a detector This element is responsible for identifying and linking with the desired species in a complex sample Then the detector converts the chemical signals produced as a result of the binding of the sensing element with the desired species into a measurable output signal Biosensors rely on biological components such as antibodies Enzymes receptors or whole cells can be used as sensing elements Types of nanosensors nanosensors  Nanosensors are classified in different ways One of these categories is based on the shape of nanoparticles and their application as follows A   Nanostructured materials such as porous silicon nanosensors made of these materials are used to identify chemical and biological reactions B   Nanoparticles such as nanoscale spherical materials that are used as opticalbiological opticalchemical receptors and spatial image sensors   Such as nano silicon particles that are used as biosensors Also nanosensors can be   divided into three categories based on their structure quantum dots carbon nanotubes and nanotools Modern application of nanosensors electrical nanobiosens

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors All molecularbased electrochemical nanobiosensors depend on a very specific system to detect or track the target molecule Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note All electrochemical nano biosensors that have a molecular base depend on a very specific system to detect or track their target molecule The importance of an electrochemical nanobiosensor is to provide a suitable support for connecting the target molecule to the probe and creating an electrical signal that can be measured and read   In the building of electrochemical biosensors the minimum parts that are used in a biosensor are molecular recognition layer and signal transducer which can be connected to a measuring device device readout of these signals DNA is usually a suitable tool as a biosensor because the base pairing reaction between complementary sequences is both specific and stable In this case singlestranded probe DNA is immobilized on the detection layer and then the target DNA reacts with the probe on the surface by pairing  The repetitiveness and unity of DNA structures makes their accumulation on the surface very specific It is  on   this surface that the target DNA is taken and the signal is created Therefore it is important to immobilize the nucleic acid of the probe while   maintaining its initial adhesion strength to detect the target DNA But how this   diagnostic process is measured depends on the method of signal transduction which may   be optical mechanical or electrochemical  Optical

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors Nanoelectronics and the evolution of electric nanobiosensors Researcher    and author Dr      Afshin Rashid Note Nano   bioelectrical biosensors have been created for various applications such as food quality estimation environmental monitoring and diagnosis of clinical and metabolic complications   Nanoelectronics technology has dedicated some very exciting materials to improve the sensing phenomenon   The use of various nanomaterials including nanoparticles nanotubes nanotubes and nanowires causes faster identification and reproducibility in a much better way The unique properties of nanomaterials such as high electrical conductivity better shock tolerance   and sensitive responses such as versatile piezoelectric and color detection mechanisms are only results of the multitude of properties of nanomaterials   Different types of biosensors are propagated based on different types of nanomaterials and their developmental and implicit aspects  The measurement of biological responses has assumed great importance in the current scenario of everdynamic environmental developments and altered homeostatic events that    occur   at the in vivo   as well as   intracorporeal  level      Analyzing the behavior of changing materials is of great importance in areas such as pharmaceutical diagnostics food quality screening and environmental applications In this reference the development of efficient nano biosensors that can analyze the minutest details of biological interactions

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors Nanobiosensors and nanobiochips in moving nanoparticle molecules through dielectric enhancement through vertical nanogap architectures  Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note The dynamic process of sorting and precise positioning of nanoparticle biomass in predefined microstructures is very important however this is a major obstacle to the realization of surfacesensitive nanobiosensors and practical nanobiochips A scalable widespread and nondestructive trapping method based on dielectric forces is much needed for nanoparticle collection and nanobiosensing tools   Here we present a vertical nanogap architecture with an electrodeinsulatorelectrode stack structure   Facilitate the generation of strong dielectric forces at low voltages for precise capture and manipulation of nanoparticles and molecular assemblies including lipid vesicles and amyloidbeta fibrillar proteinsoligomers   Our vertical nanoplastic platform allows lowvoltage nanoparticles recorded in optical dimensional designs providing new opportunities for the fabrication of advanced surfacesensitive sensors Nano biosensors appear as a powerful alternative to conventional analytical techniques as nanosensors perform highly sensitive realtime and highfrequency monitoring of pollutants without extensive sample preparation   Nano biosensors can be integrated into small devices for rapid screening and monitoring of a wide range of pollutants  Since the nano biosensor   is an analytical device used to detect a

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors Research   in the field of nanotools   electrical nanobiosensors   is one of the latest scientific researches in the world Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note Using these sensors nano biosensors it is possible to identify very small amounts of chemical pollution or virus and bacteria in the agricultural and food system Research   in the field of nanotools is one of the most uptodate scientific researches in the world With the introduction of science and nanotechnology and the possibility of making electrodes on a very small scale it became possible to make nanometer sensors These   sensors were named nanobiosensor biological nanosensor in terms of their nanometer size and their application in biological environments  Bio nanosensors  are very small electrodes with nanometer size and cell dimensions which  have become sensitive to the detection of desired chemical or biological species in cells  through the stabilization of certain enzymes on their surface  These sensors  are used  to detect and quantify species in  biological systems  This technique is a very useful method in detecting the passage of some molecules through the cell wall or membrane  Different sciences such as biochemistry biology electronics different branches of chemistry and physics are present in the design of a nanosensor The main part of a chemical or biological sensor is its sensing element The sensing element is in contact with a detector This element is responsible for identifyi

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors Electrochemical  nano biosensors  and   a method called   sandwich  component Three assay  Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note Electrochemical signal measurement methods are very suitable for detecting direct DNA oxidation because electrochemical reactions directly create an   electronic signal and therefore there is no need for expensive converter devices  In addition in this process because the sequence of the immobilized game   can be limited to only a series of electrode substrates the act of showing tracking is done by a series of inexpensive electrochemical analyzers Electrochemical sensors are used to perform clinical or environmental tests   The sensitivity of electrochemical signals is based on the direct oxidation or catalysis of DNA spacers as well as the reduction reactions of reporter molecules or enzymes Various methods   are used to measure the signal electrochemically  The basis of signal measurement in direct electrochemistry of DNA is based on the oxidation and reduction reaction of DNA in a mercury electrode therefore the amount of oxidized and reduced DNA is proportional to the amount of DNA that is hybridized with the probe   In addition to the old methods of direct DNA regeneration a method called Stripping Adsorption Voltammetry  is used for direct DNA oxidation which is a very sensitive method In the direct electrochemical method purine is oxidized by materials such as carbon indium oxide ITO gold and polymer covered electrodes

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors  A complete review of nano bioelectrical nano  biosensors    and     stripping adsorption   voltammetry method  of surface nano molecules Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note In the construction of nano bioelectrochemical sensors the minimum parts that are used in a biosensor are the molecular recognition layer and the signal transducer which can read out this signal to a measuring device be connected  DNA is usually a suitable tool as a biosensor because the base pairing reaction between complementary sequences is both specific and stable In this case singlestranded probe DNA is immobilized on the detection layer and then the target DNA reacts with the probe on the surface by pairing  The repetitiveness and unity of DNA structures makes their accumulation on the surface very specific It is  on   this surface that the target DNA is taken and the signal is generated Therefore it is important to immobilize the probe nucleic acid while   maintaining its initial adhesion strength for the detection of the target DNA But how this   diagnostic process is measured depends on the method of signal transduction which may   be optical mechanical or electrochemical Optical bisensors that work based on fluorescence light have some characteristics These types of biosensors  are sensitive to molecules per square centimeter They consist of 7 rows so that their detection limit   is almost made of thousands of probes Because the tools in this field fluorescence biosen

بخش آزمایشگاه نانو بیو اِلکتریکال نانو بیوسِنسور ها  بررسی محیط نانو بیو اِلکتریکال در  نانو بیو سِنسور های اِلکترو شیمیایی Electrochemical nano biosensor پژوهشگر  و نویسنده  دکتر      افشین رشید نکته یـک  نانو بیو سنسور های الکترو شیمیایی Electrochemical nano biosensor  وسیلــه ای اسـت کـه اطلاعـات مسـتقیمی در مـورد ترکیب شیمیایی محیط خود تهیه میکند و آن را به صـورت یک سیگنال الکتریکی، نوری و غیره به ما عرضه مـی نمایـد  نحوه عملکرد یک نانو سنسور شیمیایی در فرآیند تشخیص همانند بینی انسان میباشد ؛ روشهای حسگری شـیمیایی sensing Chemical امـروزه به عنوان یکی از تکنیکهای مدرن و پیشرفته نانو الکترونیک به حساب میآیند این روشهـا قسـمتی از فرآینـد اکتسـاب اطلاعـات acquisition Information هسـتند کـه در آنهـا اطلاعاتی در مورد ماهیت شیمیایی محیط اطراف به صـورت آنی تهیه میشـود در ایـن فرآینـد یـک سـیگنال الکتریکـی تقویت شده در نتیجه وجود و برهمکنش یک ذره شـیمیایی با یک لایه حس کننده تولیـد مـی شـود بنـابراین، حس�

Department of Nano Bioelectrical Laboratory Nano Biosensors  Investigating the nano bioelectrical environment in   electrochemical nano biosensors Researcher   and author Dr       Afshin Rashid Note An   electrochemical nano biosensor   is a device that provides direct information about the chemical composition of its environment and presents it to us in the form of an electrical optical etc signal  The way a chemical nanosensor works in the detection process is similar to the human nose Chemical sensing methods today are considered as one of the modern and advanced techniques of nanoelectronics  These methods are a part of the information acquisition process in which information about the chemical nature of the surrounding environment is instantly prepared In this process an amplified electric signal is produced as a result of the presence and interaction of a chemical particle with a sensing layer Therefore chemical sensing includes two main and key stages which are detection and amplification The device that performs the above process is called a chemical sensor  The main part of an   electrochemical   nano biosensor Electrochemical nano biosensor   is its sensor element The sensing element is in contact with a detector This element is responsible for identifying and linking with the desired species in a complex sample  Then the detector converts the chemical signals produced as a result of the binding of the sensing element with the desired species into a measurable output signal Biosensors rely on biological components such a